Introduction: Disasters caused by climate change threaten Most of the world's ecosystems, especially developing countries with rich natural resources, including peatland ecosystems such as those found in Riau Province, Indonesia. Climate change causes peatland ecosystems to become drier and more prone to burning. The peatland fires that occurred in Riau Province during the period of 2016-2020 have become a valuable lesson for the government, the private sector, and the local community. During that period, collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community in addressing climate change-related disasters, especially peatland fires, has been successfully carried out for the mitigation and adaptation of peatland fire disasters. This research reveals the role of social capital and social institutions in the process of empowering communities to address land fire disasters. Using qualitative descriptive methods, this study reveals findings that the strengthening of social capital such as social institutions, trust, social networks, and reciprocal relationships occurs in the actions taken to mitigate peatland fire disasters. In addition, the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies for peatland fire disasters is also in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the goal of Combating Climate Change (SDG 13) and Protecting Terrestrial Ecosystems (SDG 15).